The mapping of urban violence is modified

The mapping of urban violence is modified. Some neighbourhoods, once deemed "difficult", are now more "calm" and vice versa. Why

It is in the sensitive urban areas, and particularly the poorest, and where the unemployment of less than 25 years is the highest that the riots are the most frequent. Not surprisingly, poverty remains an important determinant. But these are areas where Anru agreements have been signed and where immigrant families recently (sub-Saharan Africa, so) are over-represented are most affected. That's what are the riots: a kind of history of immigration in France. Children of parents who were engaged in violence fifteen years ago remained calm in 2005, and the parents of the players in the 2005 riots were not born in France.

It is a paradox: the policy of the city would be, according to you, factor of collective violence

This is the problem of the effect in time of the policy of the city. Thicket Val de Mantes, for example, less took part in the long riots due to destruction of buildings bars incurred in recent years, bringing a lower density and a better quality of life; as another example, at the Moulin-Neuf de Stains. But now an Anru agreement, it is, first, high insecurity for families: 250,000 units are called to be destroyed between 2004 and 2008, and anguish of the eviction, relocation, the relationship with the administration is a factor which is very evident violence of 2005.

Neighbourhood youth are victims of discrimination in the hiring and, they say, before the police. Are equal before the law

In the survey that I did on a court in the greater suburbs of Paris, it is clear that, for a group of offences, the probability to be sentenced to a term of imprisonment is twice higher for the defendants from the groups "North African" and "African" than for "European" group But this difference does not mean that justice works to institutionalized racism, because members of these groups are in fact not the same criminal pedigree, nor the same social situation, that the judge takes into account when it pronounces imprisonment instead of a penalty of fine. Justice, blind, focusing the prison on a "customer" specific, in which the son of immigrants are over-represented.

Collective violence are a mode of political claim

The political qualification of a fight is the first of any struggle... The conflict of interpretations is open, but the outcome depends on the balance of power in the field of politics and the media; However they are not the same that burn and take flight, and those who speak, qualify or disqualify. Two things are certain. The first is that there is a specific floor space, the youth of the suburbs, in which the collective violence are experienced and told as the response to the war that the Minister of the Interior has long declared deliver. The second is that it is not force ready policy, today, to take the risk to assume in conveyor belt of the youth émeutière, because the conquest of the popular vote through the insurance is to protect the popular media social insecurity as well as damage to persons and property. And this dynamic student a little above the wall separating those who act in the political field, and those who refuse the rules.